Prime Minister of Yugoslavia

Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
Former political post
Standard of the President of the Federal Executive Council of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Ante Marković
Predecessor
Successor Stjepan Mesić
Milan Panić
Jure Pelivan
Nikola Kljusev
Lojze Peterle
First officeholder Nikola Pašić
Last officeholder Ante Marković
Political office started 1 December 1918
Political office ended 14 July 1992
Current pretender None

The Prime Minister or the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.

Contents

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Main article: Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created by the unification of the Kingdom of Serbia and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs on 1 December 1918. It was renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929. Yugoslavia was defeated and occupied after the German invasion on 17 April 1941. The monarchy was formally abolished on 29 November 1945. In 1945 there were ten living former prime ministers. Out of these, Nikola Uzunović, Dušan Simović, Miloš Trifunović and Ivan Šubašić lived in the Democratic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia while Petar Živković, Bogoljub Jevtić, Milan Stojadinović, Dragiša Cvetković, Slobodan Jovanović and Božidar Purić remained in exile.

      Yugoslav National Party       People's Radical Party       Yugoslav Radical Union       Croatian Peasant Party       Democratic Party       Slovene People's Party       Non-party

No. Head of Government Lifespan Ethnicity Term of office Party Note
Prime Ministers
1918-1944
N/A Nikola Pašić
(acting)		 1845–1926 Serb 1 December
1918		 22 December
1918		 People's Radical Party Acting prime minister, as the last prime minister of Serbia.
1 Stojan Protić 1857–1923 Serb 22 December
1918		 16 August
1919		 People's Radical Party First Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (that will be renamed "Kingdom of Yugoslavia").
2 Ljubomir Davidović 1863–1940 Serb 16 August
1919		 19 February
1920		 Democratic Party
3 Stojan Protić 1857–1923 Serb 19 February
1920		 16 May
1920		 People's Radical Party
4 Milenko Vesnić 1863–1921 Serb 16 May
1920		 1 January
1921		 People's Radical Party
5 Nikola Pašić 1845–1926 Serb 1 January
1921		 28 July
1924		 People's Radical Party Second term.
Vidovdan Constitution adopted on June 28 1921.
6 Ljubomir Davidović 1863–1940 Serb 28 July
1924		 6 November
1924		 Democratic Party Second term
7 Nikola Pašić 1845–1926 Serb 6 November
1924		 8 April
1926		 People's Radical Party Third term
8 Nikola Uzunović 1873–1954 Serb 8 April
1926		 17 April
1927		 People's Radical Party
9 Velimir Vukićević 1871–1930 Serb 17 April
1927		 28 July
1928		 People's Radical Party
10 Anton Korošec 1872–1940 Slovene 28 July
1928		 7 January
1929		 Slovene People's Party
11 Petar Živković 1879–1953 Serb 7 January
1929		 4 April
1932		 Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy Prime Minister of the first authoritarian government appointed by King Alexander I during the January 6 Dictatorship.
Sentenced to death in absentia in 1946.
12 Vojislav Marinković 1876–1935 Serb 4 April
1932		 3 July
1932		 Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy Previously a (founding) member of the Democratic Party.
13 Milan Srškić 1880–1937 Serb 3 July
1932		 27 January
1934		 Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy
14 Nikola Uzunović 1873–1954 Serb 27 January
1934		 22 December
1934
Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy
(renamed)		 The Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy party was renamed into the Yugoslav National Party.
Yugoslav National Party
(renamed)

15		 Bogoljub Jevtić 1886–1960 Serb 22 December
1934		 24 June
1935
Yugoslav National Party
(until 1935)
  Yugoslav Radical Union
(from 1935)
16 Milan Stojadinović 1886–1961 Serb 24 June
1935		 5 February
1939		 Yugoslav Radical Union
17 Dragiša Cvetković 1893–1969 Serb 5 February
1939		 27 March
1941		 Yugoslav Radical Union Sentenced in absentia in 1945.[1]
18 Dušan Simović 1882–1962 Serb 27 March
1941		 12 January
1942		 None Royal Yugoslav Army chief of staff. Took power by military coup d'état. Following the German invasion, he led the government into exile in London.
19 Slobodan Jovanović 1869–1958 Serb 12 January
1942		 26 June
1943		 None Headed government-in-exile.
Found guilty of treason in absentia in 1946.
20 Miloš Trifunović 1871–1957 Serb 26 June
1943		 10 August
1943		 People's Radical Party Headed government-in-exile.
21 Božidar Purić 1891–1977 Serb 10 August
1943		 8 July
1944		 None Headed government-in-exile.
Held post simultaneously with Josip Broz Tito. Alternate recognized government (the NKOJ) in existence in occupied Yugoslavia after November 29 1943.
Sentenced in absentia in 1946
22 Ivan Šubašić 1892–1955 Croat 8 July
1944		 2 November
1944		 Croatian Peasant Party Headed government-in-exile.
Held post simultaneously with Josip Broz Tito. Merged into coalition government on November 2 1944, Josip Broz Tito presiding.[2][3]

SFR Yugoslavia

Main article: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

After the German invasion and fragmentation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Partisan resistance in occupied Yugoslavia formed a deliberative council, the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) in 1942. On 29 November 1943 the AVNOJ proclaimed the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, and appointed the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ), led by Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito, as its government. Josip Broz Tito was quickly recognized by the Allies at the Tehran Conference, and the royalist government-in-exile in London was pressured into agreeing on a merge with the NKOJ. In order to facilitate this, Ivan Šubašić was appointed by the King to head the London government.

For a period, Yugoslavia had two recognized prime ministers and governments (which both agreed to formally merge as soon as possible): Josip Broz Tito leading the NKOJ in occupied Yugoslavia, and Ivan Šubašić leading the King's government-in-exile in London. With the Tito-Šubašić Agreement in 1944, the two prime ministers agreed that the new joint government would be led by Tito. With the liberation of Yugoslavia's capital Belgrade in November 1944, the joint government was officially formed, with Josip Broz Tito as the Prime Minister.

After the war, elections were held ending in an overwhelming victory for Tito's People's Front. The new parliament deposed King Peter II on 29 November 1945, and declared a Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (in 1963, the state was renamed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). The government was first headed by a Prime Minister up to 14 January 1953, when major decentralization reforms reorganized the government into the Federal Executive Council chaired by a President. Josip Broz Tito held the post from 1943 to 1963.

Five out of nine heads of government of Yugoslavia in this period were of Croatian ethnicity. Three were from Croatia itself (Josip Broz Tito, Mika Špiljak, and Milka Planinc), while two were Bosnian Croats (Branko Mikulić and Ante Marković). Ante Marković however, though a Croat from Bosnia and Herzegovina by birth, was a politician of Croatia like Špiljak and Planinc, serving (at different times) as both prime minister and president of the presidency of that federal unit.

      League of Communists of Yugoslavia       Socialist Party of Serbia       Union of Reform Forces

No. Head of Government Lifespan Ethnicity Term of office Party Note
Prime Minister
1943-1953
1
(22)		 Josip Broz Tito 1892–1980 Croat 29 November
1943		 14 January
1953
Communist Party of Yugoslavia
(renamed in 1952)
 Held post simultaneously first with Božidar Purić, then Ivan Šubašić up to November 2 1944. Headed joint coalition government November 2 1944 - November 29 1945, then affirmed by elections.
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
(renamed in 1952)
Presidents of the Federal Executive Council
1953-1992
1
(22)		 Josip Broz Tito 1892–1980 Croat 14 January
1953		 29 June
1963		 League of Communists of Yugoslavia Office of Prime Minister reorganized as President of the Federal Executive Council. Josip Broz Tito also served as President of Yugoslavia from 14 January 1953 up to his death in 1980.
2
(23)		 Petar Stambolić 1912–2007 Serb 29 June
1963		 16 May
1967		 League of Communists of Yugoslavia
3
(24)		 Mika Špiljak 1916–2007 Croat 16 May
1967		 18 May
1969		 League of Communists of Yugoslavia
4
(25)		 Mitja Ribičič 1919– Slovene 18 May
1969		 30 July
1971		 League of Communists of Yugoslavia
5
(26)		 Džemal Bijedić 1917–1977 Bosniak 30 July
1971		 18 January
1977		 League of Communists of Yugoslavia Died in office.
6
(27)		 Veselin Đuranović
(two terms)		 1925–1997 Montenegrin 18 January
1977		 16 May
1982		 League of Communists of Yugoslavia
7
(28)		 Milka Planinc 1924–2010 Croat 16 May
1982		 15 May
1986		 League of Communists of Yugoslavia
8
(29)		 Branko Mikulić 1928–1995 Croat 15 May
1986		 16 March
1989		 League of Communists of Yugoslavia Resigned on 30 December 1988, amid widespread protests.

9
(30)		 Ante Marković 1924–2011 Croat 16 March
1989		 20 December
1991
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
(until January 1990)
 Last prime minister of Yugoslavia.
The pan-Yugoslav League of Communists of Yugoslavia was dissolved in January 1990, Marković formed his own party, the Union of Reform Forces.
  Union of Reform Forces
(from January 1990)
N/A Aleksandar Mitrović
(acting)		 1933– Serb 20 December
1991		 14 July
1992		 Socialist Party of Serbia Acting prime minister, installed by Serbia and Montenegro.

See also

References

  1. ^ Rehabilitovan Dragiša Cvetković
  2. ^ Lampe, John R.; Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country; Cambridge University Press, 2000 ISBN 0-52177-401-2
  3. ^ Ramet, Sabrina P.; The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918-2005; Indiana University Press, 2006 ISBN 0-25334-656-8